System of photography



s. Q-IERSHBERG SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHY Original Filed Sept. 15. 1934 9Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR 6AM EL HERSHBEPG- BY E Z ATTORNEY Oct; 17, 1939.s. HERSHBERG 2,176,573

SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHY Original Filed Sept. 15, 1934 9' Sheets-Sheet 2mam 3 INVENTOR SAMUEL 152568626- ATTORNEY 1939. s. HERSHBERG I SYSTEM OFPHOTOGRAPHY Original Filed Sept. 15. 1934 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTORSAMUEL msnsflsfipa BY2 a ATTORNEY S. HERSHBERG SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHYOct. 17, 1939.

Original Filed Sep t. 15, 1934 9 Sheets- Sheet -4 INVENTOR 311M061.HEKSI/EERG Anomuza Oct. 17, 1939. s. HERSHBERG SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHYOriginal Filed Sept. 15, 1934 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR SAMUELHQGSHBERG- ATTORNEY I Oct. 17, 1939. .s, HERSHBERG 7 2,176,573

SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAfI-IY Original Filed Sept. 15, 1934 9 Sheets-Sheet 6INVENTOR 3 R snmua umsqsmc- BY z z ATTORNEY Oct. 17, 1939. s. HERSHBERGSYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHY 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 Original Filed Sept, 15, 1934 ENa .INQ ll QJ i$ Mus A5 Q. cm mam i. gm Ev a Eu 3% n =5 3m & K\ 58INVENTOR SAMUEL He'ZSl/BekG ATTORNEY Oct, 17, 1939. s. HERSHBERG SYSTEMOF PHOTOGRAPHY Original Filed Sept."l5; l934 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 INVETORGil/W161. HG'ESHBERG" BYZ z 4 z ATTORNEY Oct. 17, 1939. s. HERSHBERG2,175,573

SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHY Original Filed Sept. 15, 1934 9 Sheets-Sheet -51INVENTOR snmuel. HERSHBEEG- BY II a I/ ATTORN Patented on. 17, 1939SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHY Samuel Hershberg, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Application September 15, 1934, Serial No. 744,225 Renewed March 14,1939 20 Claims.

This invention relates generally to photography, and more particularlyto a system of photography whereby the lighting mechanism, the camerastructure and development of the exposed sensitized material cooperatein a substantiaily automatic manner such that an artistic photographresults which heretofore could have been produced only in singleoperations by tedious hand means and by skilled operators. 9

The main object of this invention is the provision of a system ofphotography whereby an unskilled operator is enabled to produce aphotograph of a quality comparable to that produced by a finished andexperienced artisan, and where- 5 by a skilled and experienced artisanis enabled to p oduce more photographs in a g ven amount cf tim and'of abetter quality than h retofore, owing t? a subs antial reduction inmanual manipulation of the lighting means, focusing and 2c adjustment ofthe camera and the development of the eiiposed photographic paperAnother 'bject of he invention resides in the provision of a system ofphotography whereby a finished p oof is furnished to the patron within avery short time after the sitting and with a ccmplete ehminatPon of theusual step of proofmaking Another object of the invention is theprovision .of a system of photography whereby operating costs arereduced to a minimum owing to: saving of space by virtue of compact andcooperative arrangement of lighting unit, camera unit and developingunit; saving of power costs since bright illumination is used onlyduring actual exposure time; saving of sensitized material costs ashigh-speed papers may be used in conjunction with the high actinic powerof the lighting unit;saving in the cost of chemicals by eliminatinginter-tank pollution in the developing unit; saving of labor bysubstantially automatic manipulation in all three of the aforementionedunits; the production of a higher average of perfect prints, the resultof proper composition, accurate exposure, scientific lighting, precisetiming of development and exact mechanical manipulation.

A further feature of the system of photography, the object of theinvention herein, resides in the elimination of guess-work in lighting,composi- 50 tion, exposure and finishing and the substitution thercforofa predetermined scientific technique.

Another feature of the system rests in the substitutionfor the ordinarystand, of a new and unique type of stand embodying an inclinedstationary runway so designed that as the camera I is moved along therunway to and from the subject, it is automatically raised or lowered ina vertical plane so that a proper level and tilt of the camera ismaintained.

A still further feature of the system in the 5 lighting unit is theprovision of a process whereby a change in the lighting of the subjectto conform with a change in the position of the subject is readilyaccomplished. This process involves the mere aiming of one mirrordirected 10 to the sitter which act of aiming automatically shifts thelight so that it falls upon the subject in the proper direction andintensity.

The aforementioned objects and features of the system of photographytogether with other incidental techniques and processes will hereinafter more fully appear in the process of this disclo'sure.

Since the invented system of photography herein involves the cooperationof a developing un t, a camera unit and a lighting unit, each unit willbe separately described for purposes of clarity and theinterrelationship thereof will be treated accordingly.

The accompanying drawings show preferred embodiments of structures whichmake possible the practice of the process herein disclosed, the saidstructures forming the subject matter of separate applications forpatent, being a developing unit, a camera unit and a lighting unit, thesaid applications being identified as follows: Developing machine, Ser.No. 744,886, filed September 21, 1934, Camera, Ser. No. 744,887 filedSeptember 21, 1934 and Photographic lighting system, Ser. No. 744,888,filed September 21, 1934.

In accordance with the drawings and the several views thereof, right andleft-hand designations refer to the relative position of the operatorstanding at the rear of the camera and facing the subject.

Figure 1 is a left side view in elevation showing the camera on theinclined runway, the latter being the upperface for the developing unitcasement. 1

Figure 2 is a left side view in elevation of the developing unit withthe side wall of the casement thereof removed showing the housing of thebase of the camera and means for the movement of the said housing alongthe runway.

Figure 3 is a. left side view in elevation of the camera structureproper with the side wall thereof removed. t

Figure 4 is a sectional view of Figure 3 along the line 4-4 thereof andshows the bellows 55 front plate and part of the shutter timingmechanism transvasesection along the line 3-3 of Figure 6.

Figure 9 Isa plan View of the light housings of Figure -7 along the line8-! thereof.

Figure 101s avwirin'g diagram'showing scheelectrical circuits used inthe practines: this system of photography.

Must-ii) inclusive as above described, set

, min the li hting unit.

inseam-dance with the invention and in accordance with the accompanyingdrawings, the

separate units of the invented system of photography, to wit, thedeveloping unit, the camera unitand the lighting. unit are now to bedescribed.

Developing unit The frame work of the developing unit comprises aplurality of longitudinal base bars 20,- front vertical uprights 23,intermediate vertical uprights I24 and rear vertical uprights 25, thesaid vertical uprights supporting at the tops thereof the inclined upperframe members 22.

3 Intermediate the height of-the front vertical uprights 23", there issupported a horizontal shelf 2I within thesaid frame work. Panelsenclose 3h; framework on the front, rear and side walls,

whilea base plate is provided to form the flooring of thelapparatu's,the remaining top opening being covered by movable light proof curtainsIflgand 1134', the panels and base platesabove mentioned not being shownin the drawings specifically by numerals.

' The mechanism for feeding the previously exsensitized paper from thecamera unit includes a conveyer I43 being either gravity acting ordriven, but in the present embodiment of the.

"invention, the conveyer is represented as being a long troughsubstantially u-shaped in crossbein section and being mounted by hangersI44 and I44, said hangers depending from inclined upper frame member.22, the said conveyer I45 parallel to the said upper frame member 22 Thepurpose of the conveyer is to receive a sheet of previously exposedsensitized material, which has been cut and dropped on to the saidconveyer by the camera unit. The sensitized material}; mounted in theform of a roll in the camera unit, and the cutting results in theproduction of a definite and uniform size of sheet of sensitizedmaterial, the size being adapted to the proportions of the camera anddeveloping units.

The camera unit Cooperating with the above described developing unit isa camera unit. The "casing I for the camera containing most of thecamera elements penetrates and extends at the lower end upper framemembers 22. Wheels I34 are provided with flanged portions therebypreventing transverse displacement of base member I33 as wheels I34 ridealong the inclined tracks therefor, the latter being formed by inwardlyprojecting flanges from the upper edges of frame members 22. Numeral I25indicates two longitudinal and inclined racks affixed to the innersurfaces of inclined frame members 22 at the lower edges thereof, whilenumeral I26 indicates two spur gears engaging with said racks. The saidspur gears are mounted upon a shaft I21, the said shaft being trunnionedat the outer ends thereof in the longitudinal walls of the base memberI33. Spurgears I26 mesh with a pair of pinions I23 mounted upon a shaftI29 likewise trunnioned in the longitudinal walls of .base member I33.Pinions I23 mesh with smaller pinions I30 mounted upon a shaft I3Itrunnioned in longitudinal walls of base member I33 similar to themounting of shaft I29. Shaft I3I projects through a longitudinal wall ofthe base member and has affixed at the projecting end a hand wheel I32.It will be seen on Figure 2 wherein one each of the gears I26, racks125, pinions I28 and 130 are shown, that revolution of hand wheel I32will cause the base member I33 to ride up and down along the inclinedtrack upon which wheels I34 ride. The manipulation of base member I33 upand down the inclined track is facilitated by means of a counterweightI42 riding within an upright casing I43, the said weight being connectedto the base member I33 at the rear transverse wall thereof by a chainI40, the sprocket I4I supporting said chain above the upright casingI43. Situated between the inclined members 22 and below the inwardlyprojectingflanges thereof are two flexible light proof curtains I36 andI36, the free ends of said curtains being aflixed to-base member I33 atthe rear and front walls thereof respectively, the said curtains I36'andI36 traveling with the movements of base member I33. Curtains I36 andI36 are adapted to ride upon rollers I31, I38

and I31, I38 and the extension and shortening thereof with the movementsof base I33 is maintained by the action of spring rollers I33 and I 33'respectively to which the ends of the said curtains are affixed.

The camera casing 36I containing most of the camera elements issensitively and manually adjustable after approximate mechanicaladjustment and is adapted to be vertically and horizontally adjustablefor composition purposes. Journalled in the top wall of base I33 andadapted to move in the plane of the horizontal with plate I33 is a handwheel I42. Turning hand wheel I42 in either direction raises or lowerscamera casing I about lugs I39.

.The actuating means for the horizontal displacement of camera casing35I comprises a hand wheel Journalled on the left side and longitudinalwall of base I 33 and designated by numeral I50, the said Journallingbeing at spindle I5I.

The camera casing for the camera elements designated by numeral 35Icomprises forward vertical frame members 352, rear vertical framemembers 353 and spaced transverse frame members 364, 355, 356, 351, 353and 353. All of the said frame members are so disposed as to haveafllxed thereto an upper and side walls to constitute a light proofcasing, the said walls, if desirable being capable or removal for repairpurposes. The front wall of casing 35I is provided with an opening forafllxation thereto of a bellows u chamber. The said chamber comprises anupper plate 362, side plates 363 and 264 and a lower and downwardlyinclined plate 365. Numeral 366 designates a motor within the cameracasing.

The actuating mechanism for the opening and closing of the shutter 49!of the camera proper will now be described. Generally, the shutter isopened by mechanical connection to the armature of an electro-magnet orsolenoid 415, the shutter remaining open as long as the solenoidcontinues to be energized. The electrical circuit to the solenoidiscompleted through a two-contact brush 548 and a metallic helicalsegment disposed on the surface of a non-conducting cylinder whichbegins to revolve at a constant speed with the initial energization ofthe solenoid. Proper correlation between the duration of the exposureand the spaced position of the lens with respect to the sensitized paperis effectuated by the lens board mechanically controlling the positionof the aforesaid brush along the axis of the afore mentioned cylinderand in contact with the surface thereof.

Numeral 415 represents a solenoid mounted on the front enclosing panelof the camera casing 35! between the bellows 563 and side wall 364 ofthe bellows chamber. Numeral 416 represents an armature adapted to bedrawn within the said solenoid 415 having an expanded annular flange 411to limit the upward movement thereof. Armature 416 is flattened at-thelower end thereof to permit the pivotal attachment therewith of a shortlink 419 and a long connecting bar 498 by means of the screw 418thereat; Numeral 688 represents a short shaft which penetrates the upperend of a short crank support 484 and also the middle portion of asemi-circularly shaped lever 482, the said support 484 and lever 482being free to rotatethereabout. Shaft 688 is journalied at the forwardend thereof and near v the rear "end thereof in the upright arms of aU-shaped support 414, the said support being mounted similarly to anddirectly below solenoid 415 as best seen in Figure 3.

Lever 482 is pivotally connected to the lower end of link 418 by a pivot488. Numeral 564 is a short crank support similar to support 484 while483 represents a longitudinal crank bar integrally affixed to the lowerends of the supports 564 and 484. End supports 564 and 484 together withcrank bar 483 comprises a double crank since support 484 is pivotallymounted on shaft 688 and support 564 is pivotally mounted at the upperend thereof to the upperend of an L-shaped upright support 566, thelatter being affixed to the forward end of a horizontal support 554.Support 554 is aflixed to and projects vertically from frame member 352.

\ Bellows 563 is attached'to the periphery of the front panel opening ofcamera casing 35!, the opposite and open end thereof being provided witha plate member 556 to which theforward edges of the bellows are affixed.Plate 556 is provided with a central aperture 413 behind which ismounted a known shutter 48!, the said mounting means not being shown onthe accompanying drawings. Shutter 49! is provided with an operatingtrigger 498 pivotally. connected at the outer end thereof to the upperend of a link bar 488, the said bar 488 penetrating plate 556 through anaperture 489 therein so that the lower end of the link bar 488 liesforward of the plate 556. The lower end of the link bar is pivotallyconnected to one end of a lever 485 the other end of said lever being incontact with the upper surface of crank bar 483. Lever 485 is pivotallymounted near the center thereof upon a short stud 486, the said studprojecting forwardly from plate 556. It can be seen that any upwardmovement of the bar 483 will result in the opening of the shutter 49! asbest shown on Figure 4, and since the shutter 49! is set for socalledbulb action, it will remain open until the bar 483 is allowed to drop.

With an energization of solenoid 415. the circult to which is completedthrough a manually controlled shutter release switch 91!, the latter notbeing shown in the drawings except as shown schematically on Figure 10,or a rotary lighting and shutter control switch 838.

Directly behind the bellows chamber and within a chamber of the cameracasing, there is provided a mirror which is adapted to reflect the imageof the subject upon a ground glass having external doors 681 and 688leading thereto as best shown in Figure 1.

The various assemblies comprising the camera structure derivingsynchronous motion from the camera motor 366 will now be set forth infunctional relationship. With the closing of switch 91! or 838, solenoid415 is energized therebby allowing the communtator to revolve resultingin the timed opening and closing of the shutter 49! and in the initialenergization of motor 386. Motor 366 operates: to feed an exposedportion of the sensitized material into position for a subsequentexposure; to position the previously exposed portion of the sensitizedmaterial at the lower edge thereof opposite the counter device; torotate the commutator thereby closing an auxiliary power circuit to thesaid motor; to illuminate the counter device andoperate the same; toreset the spring mechanism operating the commutator; to sever theexposed portion of the sensitized material from the rolled stock; toopen the discharge gates thereby allowing the exposed sheet ofsensitized material to fall on the conveyer I45 to the developing unit;to open its own power circuit at the completion of the above enumeratedoperations.

The lighting unit The lighting unit is supported by a vertical frameworkcomprising three upright members 888 projecting upwardly from the sidewalls of the developing unit housing, these upright members being joinedby a horizontal connecting bar 88! at the upper terminals thereof, thesaid connecting bar 88! serving as a support for a depending uprightmember 888, a cross-section of the said four upright members forming thecorners of a substantial square. Panels 828 at tached to the uprightmembers 888 and 888 from vthe connecting bar 88!. to a point above thecamera unit form an enclosure for the control mechanism of the lightingunit.

Extending from the connecting bar 88! are two parallel and horizontalframe members 882 adapted to support the main lighting dome and relatedmechanism as will be more fylly described below. The frame members 882are reinforced by means of two braces 883 extending from the framemembers 882 to the forward upright members 888. Horizontal frame members802 are fixed in position by means of transverse spacers 886" at theforward ends and 886 at the rear ends. Behind spacer 886" is anothertransverse spacer 884 having mounted thereon by means of studs 885' a.parallel reinforcing member 885 while a short distance forwardly of 886'is another similar and' parallel spacer 886.

Par- 76 allel and below spacer 884 is another cross member 881 dependingtherefrom by means of studs 881'. Rotatably suspended below cross member881 by means of a bolt and nut 888 is a plate 889, the said bolt and nut888 penetrating member 881 and plate 889 through aligned orificestherein. At the outer ends of plate 889 are affixed the upper circularsurface 8E4 of the lighting dome 8! l and two spaced parallel bars M8,the said bars 8l8 being disposed at right angles to plate 889. Plate 889is rotatably actuated by means of a longitudinal tie bar 818 pivotallyconnected to one end \of said plate, the said tie bar 818 beingcontrolled by a handle 828 situated on a small panel 829, the lattersuperposing the panel 828 which faces the operator, all as best seen inFigure 5. The motion of handle 828 is communicated to tie rod M8 bymeans of a shaft having, sprocket 823 thereon, chain 822, thence bymechanism not shown to a gear M8 the latter having a concentric armaffixed thereto 8". Arm M1 at the outer end thereof is pivotallyconnected to the rear end of the abovementioned tie bar 8l8. Numeral 82!represents an idler sprocket which is mounted upon a short shaft 824 andserves merely to position the chain 822. Handle 823 is provided withaknown position indicator 821.

Lighting dome 8!! is provided with a circular upper surface 8, adepending cylindrical surface 8!3 from the perimeter thereof, a frustumof a cone surface 8!2 extending outwardly from the lower edge of M3 anda depending cylindrical surface 8!! from the lower perimeter of 8!2.Lowermost cylindrical surface 8| l' is'provided with diametricallyopposed openings 8! I" and a circular base plate 8 affixed to andextending .beyond the lower edge of the cylindrical surface 8H.

Afiixed to the under surface of 8 are a series of sockets concentricallyarranged to carry bulbs Afiixed to the ends of bars 8l8 are two spacedand parallel bars 832' and 833 being at right angles to bars 8!8. Ateach juncture of these bars, there being four altogether, a verticallydepending rod, 834, 838, 838 and 831 fixes the intersection of the crossbars thereat and at the lower end of each rod is provided an orifice.Rods 834 and 838 are connected immediately above the lower extremitiesthereof by a horizontal spacer 838 through which the said rodspenetrate, while 848 represents a horizontal frame member contactingspacer 838 at the lower surface thereof and is penetrated and supportedby said rods 834 and 838. Rods 838 and 831 similarly carry correspondingspacer 839 and frame member 84!. Numerals 848 and 84! represent guywires connecting the extremities of frame members 848 and 84! to thebars "8 and serve to support the said frame members. Frame members 848and 84! are provided at the extremities thereof with depending verticalguideways 842, 843, 844 and 848. Guide-ways 842 and 843 together andguide-ways 844 and 848 form race-ways for plates 848 and 848'respectively.

,Plates 848, 848' carry illuminator housings 88! and 882 respectively,adjacent the upper edges thereof the said housings corresponding instructure and being oppositely disposed. Figure 9 .of the drawings showshousing 88! in detail and thus also brings out the details of housing882.

Housing 88! is supported byaflixation to the =inner surface of plate 848and constitutes a box-like structure having a removable innertranslucent wall- 883 to permit the penetration of light therethroughfrom incandescent bulbs or light sources 884, 888 and 888 mounted withinsaid housing. Translucent wall 883 may be composed of any suitablesubstance known in the art such as opal" glass, or tracing cloth.Projecting rearwardly from and afflxed to plate 848 adjacent the loweredge thereof, is a bar 888 carrying at its outer extremity a housing 882having therein an incandescent bulb 882 and having an inner wallcomprising an outer sheet of clear glass 884 and an inner sheet oftransparent material 888 having an image thereon. Sheet of glass 884 hasthe inner surface thereof lightly silvered so that when bulb 882' is notilluminated, sheet of glass 884 acts as a mirror while when bulb 882' isilluminated, the image on transparent material 888 is made visiblethrough sheet of glass 884.

Projecting forwardly and downwardly from and afllxed to the innersurface of plate 848 is a bar 841 carrying at the outer end thereof ahousing 848 having a bulb 848 therein. Housing 848 positioned below thelevel of housing 882 as best seen in Figure 7 of the drawings.

Housing 852 together with the appurtenant structure, being the counterpart of housing 88! and its appurtenant structure as above described isincompletely shown in Figure 6 whereon 848 represents a movable plate,881, 888 and 859 represent incandescent bulbs, 848 represents a barcarrying a housing 888, 8.8! represents a bar carrying a housing 883.Plates 848 and 848 are vertically and slidably displaceable and therebyserve to vertically position the housings 85!, 852, 882, 863, 848 and858.

Plate 848 has affixed to the upper edge thereof two cables 888 and 889,the said cables being substantially parallel and flexible. Cables 888and 889' rise vertically turning inwardly about a pair of idler pulleysbeing positioned at the junctions of frame member 848 and guide-way 842and frame member 84! and guide-way 843. The said cables continue fromthe idler pulleys to drums 888 and 889 respectively where they areaffixed. Drums 888 and 889 are keyed to a horizontal shaft 818,'the saidshaft being journailed at the ends thereof in brackets 833' and 832'.

Similarly, plate 848' is provided with cables 881 and 888 turning abouta pair of idler pulleys positioned at the Junctions of frame member 848and guideway 844 and frame member 84! and guideway 848. The said cablescontinue from the idler-pulleys to drums 881 and 888 respectively wherethey are affixed. Drums 881 and 888 are keyed to a horizontal shaft 81!journalled at the ends thereof in brackets 833" and 832". Brackets 838'and 833" depend from the forward edge and ends of bar 833 while brackets832 and 832" depend from the rear edge and ends of bar 882.

Shafts 818 and 81! carry sprockets 812 and 813, respectively,immediately forward of drums 889 and 888, said sprockets beinginterconnected 4 by a chain 814. Shaft 81! at the forward end which isaffixed to theforward end of a short shaft 818. Shaft 818 is journalledat its forward end by penetrating a plate 819, and at its rear end in abracket 884', the latter depending from the 'rear edge of reinforcingmember 884. The rear end of shaft 818 projects beyond its anaws journaland connects with a universal joint 882, the latter being afilxed to theforward end of a shaft 883. Shaft 883 in turn connects with a shaft bymeans of a pair of bevel gears (not shown), which shaft carries thereona sprocket which is connected by a chain to a sprocket the latter beingcarried on a shaft which is journalled by means of orifices in the upperends of upright members 888, the said upright members being the twoforward ones. Said shaft has mounted thereon the drum 893 (see Fig. 5).It is seen from the foregoing mechanism that motion from the drum 893 iscommunicated to shafts 818 and 8H resulting in the raising and loweringof plates 846 and 848.

The concentric drum 893 has coiled thereabout a flexible cable 894. Oneend of cable 894 is aflixed to the housing 933 while the other end ofsaid cable is coiled about another drum 895 from which drum the saidcable continues and terminates in aflixation to the base plate I33 ofthe camera casing. The disposition of cable 894 is best seen in Figure 5wherein said cable' rises from housing 933, frictionally engages drum893,

proceeds downwardly to frictionally engage drum" 895 and then offsetstherefrom to run parallel with inclined frame members 22. Drum 895 isconcentric with shaft 898, the said shaft 896 being journalled by meansof orifices in the two forward upright members 888.

The housing 933 aforementioned is divided into two illuminating chambersby a vertical intermediate wall 934, the said housing having mountedtherein four incandescent bulbs 935, 938, 931 and 938, two in eachchamber. camera casing base I33 is directly communicated to the saidhousing 933 by cable 894, the motion of said cable also serving to raiseand lower housings 85I and 852. Housings 933, 85I and 852,882

and 883, and 848 and 858 move in unison while the vertical positioningof the said housings is a function of the position of the camera casingbase I33. Inasmuch as the base I33 of the camera casing is moved forproper focussing and aiming in relation to the subject, it is seen thatthe lighting of the subject is thereby automatically-controlled by themovement of the housings; the relative positions of the housings havingbeen suitably arranged in a predetermined fashion.

Situated within the lighting dome 8I I. are two known spot lights 891.and 898 being provided with lenses 899 and 988, condensing mirrors 98Iand 982, incandescent bulbs 983 and 984 and sockets for said bulbs 985and 986, respectively. The size of the diverging beam emitted by saidspot lights is controlled by the shifting of the sockets within saidspot lights by any known means such as linear slots 9 and 9I2 whereinsockets 985 and 988 are adjustably mounted by means of depending bolts981 and 988 from the said sockets and nuts therefor 989 and 9I8. Spotlight 891 is trunnioned between the lower ends of vertical rods 835 and831 by means of trunnions 891' while spot light 898 is trunnionedbetween the lower ends of vertical rods 834 and 838 by means oftrunnions 898'. The spot lights, being thus pivotally mounted, arecapable of being tilted in a vertical plane thereby casting the beams oflight emitted from the said spot lights 891 and 898 upon two screens 943and 944 respectively,said screens being more fully described below.Projecting forwardly in the plane of the horizontal from the side wallsadjacent the rear edge of each of the spot lights 891 and 898 arefingers 9I3 and 9 respectively. Fingers 9I8 and Motion of the 9 arepivotally connected by means of links 9l5 and M8, the latter beingjoined at the upper ends thereof, to a link 8". Link 8" is caused tomove either up or down by reason of communication of motion from shaft818 thereto through suitable structure not shown.

By reason of the fact that the spot lights 88 and 898 derive theirmotion from shaft 8182mm latter in turn derives its motion from drum888v the camera base I83,'-'.it is therefore seen thatmovement of allthe sources of illumination except bulbs 955, vertically, with relationto the sitter, is synchronized and co-ordinated.

Screens 943 and .944 heretofore mentioned are composed of any suitableflexible material such as cotton or linen and have provided on the innersurfaces thereof a coating of suitable light refleeting and diffusingmaterial such as aluminum paint or dull white paint. Screens 848 and 844are supported at the upper ends thereof by afllxation to and windingabout spring rollers 8 and 942, the said screens extending'downwardlyover direction controlling idlers 848 and 848', land 958 and finallyterminating. in weighted edges 958 and 954 respectively, all as bestseenin Figure 7. Spring rollers 8 and 842 are provided with the usualratcheting means of ordinary window-shade rollers. In order to raise orlower screens 948 and 944, edges "land 8 84 thereof are manipulated likeordinary window shade rollers. Rollers 8 4I- and 842-"are'disposed pareallel to bars 8I8 and are mounted upo'n'brackets 939 and 948respectively, said brackets projecting upwardly from the outer ends-ofbars 882- and 833. Idlers 948 and'848'are mountedbetweefi the upper endsof upright arms 841, and'848, said arms projecting upwardly from framebers 848 and 84! while idlers 848 andlif'ajre mounted between the outerends of "lateral "in! 9ll, and 982. respectively, said-arms projectinglaterally and outwardly from. guide-,wa'ys fll,

843, 844 and 848, respectively. I v

For the connecting and disconnecting of elec; trical current to the"-various sources-of illumination described hereinabove, aknown Seamentel'rotary switch on 1,8 provided. he saidbwitch 838 is mounted upon anauxiliary panel therefor 938' located on panel 828 directly torwardtothe left of auxiliary panel 828. Switch" 888 is operated by means of anoperating lever 951 which projects radially from a short shaft 888, tne"s'aid, shaft being journalled in panel 888'. adapted to successivelymake and-break-contact with radially disposed and concentric conductingsegments a, b, c, d, e, f, a, h, 1', k, and m, the disposition of saidsegments being best shown in FigurelO.

Switch on. in its upper vertical position closes no circuits while byvirtue at the'staggered arransement or the segments thereabout, the saidswitch is capable of seven distinct positions when rotated either leftor right of the aforesaid upper vertical position.

Situated directly below and. on the-:sameplope with auxiliary panel 838.is another auxiliary panel 83l carrying thereon. three known toggle typeswitches 884, 988.'.and 888.; Switches 884- and 988 each either makeorbreak a single cir? cuit while switch .885 either makes or breaks twocircuits simultaneously.

In the operation of the lighting unit. the subs uc no. is

tical axis of lighting dome 8I I. At this point in right profile is tobe photographed first, switch 888 is shifted to its "on' positionthereby completing a circuit from the electrical line through conductors861 and 888 to the outlet n. Current travels from outlet 11. by means ofconductors not shown in the drawings to bulbs 884, 836 and 851. Theillumination of bulbs 884, 838 and 851 lights up the features of thesitter sufiiciently for the proper focussing and composition thereof bymovement of the camera base member I33. The act of moving the camerabase member I33 for focussing and composition purposes eifectuates theproper vertical positioning of all the sources of illumination; thelower the position of the camera base member I33 along the inclinedrunway therefor, the lower is the position of the sources ofillumination except for bulbs 855 the position of which is fixed withindome 8| I.

The image of the sitter having been properly focussed the camera is setfor exposure.

Rotary switch 838 is moved in a clock-wise direction to its firstconsecutive "on position, that is contacting the conducting'segment asaid movement resulting in completion of a circuit to outlet p throughconductor 861, resistor 888', conductors 918, 9H and 888, and alsoswitch 865. Current travels from outlet 11' by means of conductors notshown in the drawings to bulb 848.

It is understood that the rotation of the lighting dome 8 together withhorizontal frame members 848 and 8M and.all the-mechanism dependingtherefrom may be effected now or atany time su equent to the camerafocussing of the sitter, t e said rotation being accomplished bymanipulating handle 828. Handle 828 is rotated until the sitter is ableto see his reflection in the mirrored surface in the housing 883, itbeing understood that all of the above steps are taken for thephotographing of the right profile and all the steps hereinbelow untilthe contrary is stated are for the photographing of the right profile ofthe sitter. The extent of rotation of dome 8 is controlled by thesitters seeing his full view in the mirrored surface of housing 883 whenlooking forward, and in order that the sitter see such full view, thelatter gives the operator instructions as to the extent to which thesaid dome 8 must be moved by means of handle828. The rotation and finalposition of dome 8| I, by reason of the fact that the relative spatialinterrelation of the various illuminating sources rotatable therewithhas been predetermined relative to housing 853,

results in proper illumination of the subject in all planes. Therelative spatial interrelation of the various illuminating sourcesfollow the pattern of the approved style for a particular position ofthe sitter and it is from this pattern that your applicant makesautomatic such illumination for diiferent positions of the sitter in theseveral upright positions and in the several face positions.

The rotation of dome 8| I and the rotatable elements therewith resultsin positioning housing '848 so that the head of the sitter is situatedbe- 848 is to outline the head of the subject in socalled "backlightingor in Rembrandt style.

If these last mentioned effects are not desired,

ject is seated or allowed tostand along the vertoggle switch 888 isshifted to its off position thereby opening the circuit to bulb 888'.

Switch 838 is now advanced in a clock-wise direction to its secondposition thereby contacting conducting segment completing a circuittherethrough to outlet u. Current travels from outlet u throughconductors not shown in the drawings -to bulb 883' which uponillumination makes the mirrored surface in housing 883 transparentsothat the sitter is able to see the image therebehind in said housing.The purpose of illuminating housing 883 at this time is to furtherattract the attention of the sitter to this point so that his head andeyes may appear properly directed ina finished photograph; furthermore,the subject matter of the image is conveniently alterable by merelysubstituting different transparencies therein. This device, utilizingknown principles of psychological suggestion aids in the inducement ofpleasant expression on the sitters countenance.

Switch 838 is now advanced in clock-wise direction to its third positionthereby contacting conducting segment e completing a circuittherethrough to outlet 1;. Current travels from outlet 0 throughconductors not shown in the drawings to bulbs 855. Illumination frombulbs 855 is reflected from the upper surface of plate 8I5 through theopenings 8 I I and is in turn reflected from screens 843 and 8 upon thesitter. Because of the multiplicity of bulbs 855 and the indirectn'esswith which the light therefrom reaches the sitter, said light is highlydiffused and of sufliciently low intensity so that it constitutesgeneral or socalled atmosphere illumination.

Switch 838 is now advanced in clock-wise direction to its fourthposition thereby contacting conducting segment completing a circuittherethrough to outlet w. Current travels from outlet w throughconductors not shown in the drawings to bulb 835 serving thereby toincrease or augment the quantity of illumination being cast by bulb 838from one of the chambers of the housing 833.

Switch 838 is now advanced in clock-wise direction to its fifth positionthereby contacting conducting segment 71. and completing a circuittherethrough to outlet :2: whence current travels through conductors notshown in the drawings to bulbs 858 and 858, serving thereby to augmentthe illumination already being cast by housing 852.

Further clock-wise advancement of switch 838 to its sixth positionresults in contacting conduct ing segment k thereby completing a circuitthrough conductors 881 and 888 which short circuits the circuitcomprised of resistor 888' and conductor 818. The shortcircuiting ofresistor 888 causes all of the light sources which have been receivingcurrent therethrough to increase to their maximum brilliancy so that thecombined actinic power of said sources of illumination is of the properdegree with relation to the shutter timing of the camera in the cameraunit. It is to be noted at this point that the reason for illuminatingthe various light sources in successive steps of greater brilliancerather than to bring them on simultaneously is to avoid excitement,fright, starting and squinting of the sitter.

Since all of the illuminating sources have been energized as has abovebeen set forth the exposure may be caused to take place by advancingswitch 838 in a clock-wise direction to its final and seventh positionthereby contacting conducting segment m which closes the circuit to solenoid 415. If the operator desires to leave his 73 91! is connected toone end of a two-conductorcable of substantial length, and is not shownin the drawings other than as above indicated.

After exposure has been completed, switch 638 is cranked anti-clockwiseto its upper vertical position, which extinguishes all of the lightsexcept those receiving current through toggle switch 9,64.

7 Where it is desired to photograph the left profile of the sitter, allof the abovementioned operations are repeated, except that they areperformed in the opposite direction. Thus toggle switch 864 is shiftedto its off position, which extinguishes bulbs 984, 936, and 851. Next,toggle switch 966 is moved to its on position thereby completing acircuit to outlet 0, whence current travels via conductors not shown, tobulbs 983, 931, and 854. Next, the camera is properly positioned alongits track, and focussed, in a manner identical with that when the rightprofile was photographed.

Rotary switch 838 is now moved anti-clockwise to its first consecutiveon" position, thereby contacting segment b and completing a circuittherethrough to outlet q, whence current travels via conductors notshown to bulb 858'. If back lighting is not desired, switch 965 isshifted to its off position. Handle 826 is now rotated until the sitteris able to see his full head-on image in the mirrored surface of housing862.

Switch 830 is now rotated anti-clockwise to its second position therebycontacting segment 11 completing a circuit to outlet t and therethroughvia conductors not shown'to bulb 862".

Next switch 638 is moved to its third anticlockwise position therebycontacting segment e, thus illuminating bulbs 955 as set forth above,since segment e is continuous in both clockwise and anti-clockwiserevolutions of arm 959. Switch 830 is then shifted anti-clockwise to itsfourth position thereby contacting segment 9 completing a circuittherethrough to outlet s and thence viai conductors not shown to bulb938.

Next, switch 838 is moved anti-clockwise to its,

fifth position, thereby contacting segment 7' completing a circuittherethrough to outlet r whence current travels via conductors not shownto bulbs 855 and 856.

When switch 838 is further rotated in an anti--.

clockwise direction to its sixth and seventh po sitions, the circuitscompleted thereby are identical to those which were completed in thesixth and seventh positions in the clockwise rotation thereof sincesegments 70 and m are continuous in 'rotated so that the sitter may seehis full face reflected therefrom, it follows that all of the relatedlight sources will be correctly positioned in the horizontal plane.

The intensity of light emitted by housings and 852 is greater than thatemitted by housing 933, so that the former 85l and 852 constitute thedrawing" or accentuating light sources while the latter 933 constitutesthe light source which serves to heighten the tones of the shadowportions of the photograph. Where the sitter sees his reflection inhousing 863 and switch 830 is rotated clock-wise or sees his facereflected housing 862 and switch 838 is rotated anti-clockwise, anapproved style of lighting results in which the greater portion of theface seen in the photograph is less brilliantly illuminated than thelesser portion of the face. Where the sitter sees his reflection inhousing 862, yet the sitter shows his right side or the right side ofhis face to the lens and switch 838 is rotated anti-clockwise, orconversely where the sitter turns his head to his right thus showing theleft side of his face to the lens, and sees his image reflected fromhousing 863, and switch 838 is rotated in a clockwise direction, anotherapproved style of lighting results, which is so called open lighting. Inopen lighting the greater portion of the face is more intenselyilluminated and the lesser portion of the face is less brilliantlyilluminated.

Since most of the light which falls on the face of the sitter falls atan angle of approximately forty-five degrees, because of theautomatically proper coordination between movement of the camera alongits runway, and the vertical positioning of the movable light sources,as has-been set forth above, this system is capable of many otherapproved styles of lighting which will a1 ways lie'basically correct. Inthe hands of a skilled operator, the versatility of the lighting systemis readily seen. By studying the image of the sitter in the groundglasshandle 826 may be turned at random until a pleasing effect is produced,and since the rotation of switch 838. for the most part, serves toincrease the intensity of the light sources, rather than inaugurate newones, composition decided upon at low intensity will, retain its qualitywhen the illumination is sufliciently intense for exposure.

In the hands of an unskilled operator, this lighting system may beoperated so that very little judgment is required. For normal lightingeffects, vertical positioning of the light sources is fully automatic,while horizontal positioning is accomplished by merely turning handle826, until the sitter can see both of his ears in the proper reflectinghousing, either 862 or 883. Where it is desired to havegan unskilledoperator duplicate unusual effects, these may be originally determinedby a skilled operator, and all the unskilled operator need do is followexplicit instructions involving very little judgment. Dial 821 beingaccurately calibrated, he need only manipulate handle 826 until thepointer coincides with a certain calibration marking on the dial. Inthis manner, a good lighting style once conceived may be reexecuted atwill.

Where the subject is possessed of unusually fair complexion or lighthair, proper lighting may be simply obtained by shifting switches 964 or966 to their off" position. In that case, composition and focussing isperformed before this is don or focussing is performed with switch 838advanced in either direction the requisite number of steps.

It will now be observed that the system of photography hereinabovedescribed comprises the combination of three units, a camera unit, a de-II veloping unit and a lighting unit. In each unitthere are assembliesand sub-assemblies which are novel by themselves; while in the combine.-

tion of the three units or in the combination of any two units noveltyresides. There exists novelty in the combination of the elements fromone unit with elements of each of the other units.

I wish 'it distinctly understood at this time that the mechanismsdescribed in the above speciiication to accomplish certain movementswere conventional and that such mechanisms are not to be construed aslimiting the scope of the in- .vention; minor changes and variations inthe integration of several parts of each unit and in the partsthemselves may be resorted to without departing from .the spirit of theinvention; minor changes and variations in the means of transferringmotion and in the synchronization of the several parts of each unit andin the units themselves may be resorted to without departing from thespirit of the invention; and lastly, minor changes and variations in themeans to accomplish the defined results hereinbefore developed may beresorted to without departing from the scope of the invention andwithout departing from the scope of the appended claims.

.I claim:

1. In a system of photography, tracks,- a camera movable on said tracks,the motion having horizontal and vertical components, a casingsupporting said tracks, means of light-proof communication between thecamera and the casing whereby exposed sheets of sensitized material fromthe camera are dischargeable at all positions of the camera into thesaid casing, and lighting means mounted independently of the said cameraand means to regulate said lighting means in correlation with themovement of the said camera.

2. In a system of photography, a camera movable in ii. direction havingvertical and horizontal components, lighting 'means mountedindependently of the camera and meansto regulate said lighting means incorrelation with the movement of said camera.

3. In a system of photography adapted for use with a subject: tracks, acamera movable on said tracks in a direction having vertical andhorizontal components, a casing supporting said tracks, means oflight-proof communication between the camera and the casingwhereby-exposed sheets of sensitized I material from the camera aredischargeable at all positions of the camera into the said casing, and.lighting means mounted independentlyof the said camera and beingpivotally and concentrically movable with relation to said subject andmeans to regulate said lighting means vertically in correlation with themovement of the camera.

4. In a system of photography, a camera, means to move the same in adirection having vertical and horizontal components, a casing supportingsaid means, means of light-proof communication between the camera andthe casing whereby exposed sheets of sensitized material from the cameraare dischargeable at all positions of the camera into the said casing,lighting means mounted independently of the said camera and means toregulate said-lighting means in correlation with the movement of thesaid camera.

5. In a system of photography adapted for use with a subject: inclinedtracks, a camera whereby exposed sheets of sensitized material from thecamera are dischargeable at all positions of the camera into the saidcasing, lighting means.mounted independently of the said camera andbeing pivotally and concentrically movable with relation to said subjectand means to regulate said lighting means vertically by movement of thesaid camera.

6. In a system of photography adapted for use with a subject: a camera,means to move the same in a direction having vertical and horizontalcom* ponents, a casing supporting said means, means of light-proofcommunication between the camera and the casing whereby exposed sheetsof sensitized material from the camera are dischargeable at allpositions of the camera into the said casing, and lighting means mountedindependently of the said camera and being pivotally and concentricallymovable with relation to said subject.

7. In a system of photography adapted for use with a subject: tracks, acamera vertically and horizontally movable on said tracks, a casingsupporting said tracks, means of light-proof communication between thecamera and the casing whereby exposed sheets of sensitized material fromthe camera are dischargeable at all posi tions of the camera; into thesaid casing, lighting means mounted independently of the said camera'and concentrically movable with relation to said subject andautomatically regulable by movement of the said camera.

9. In a system of photography adapted for use with a subject: inclinedtracks, a camera movable on said tracks, a casing supporting saidtracks, means oi light-proof communication between the camera and thecasing whereby exposed sheets of sensitized material from the camera aredischargeable at all positions of the camera into the said casing andlighting means mounted independently of the camera and being pivotallyand concentrically movable with relation to said subject.

10. In a system of photography for use with a subject: inclined tracks,a camera movable on .said inclined tracks, lighting means pivotally andconcentrically movable and being mounted independently with relation tosaid subject of the camera.

11. In a system of photography, tracks, a camera movable on said tracks,lighting means mounted independently of the said camera and means toregulate said lighting means in correlation with movement of the saidcamera.

12. In a system of photography for use with a sitter, a camera, means tomove the same in a direction having vertical and horizontal components,illumination sources, mechanism to regulate said sourcesvertically incorrelation with the movement of said camera and means to pivotally withrelation to said sitter.

and concentrically move said illumination sources 13. In a system ofphotography for use with a subject capable of rotational displacement:-a camera, means to move the camera in a direction having horizontal andvertical components, ii lumination sources, means to move saidillumination sources pivotaily and concentrically about said subject asa pivotal center and means to correlate the rotational displacement ofsaid illumination sources with rotational displacement of said subject.

14. In a system of photography for use with a subject, a camera, meansto move the same in a direction having vertical and horizontalcomponents, and illumination sources pivotally and concentricallymovable with relation to said subject.

15. In a system of photography for use with a subject capable ofrotational displacement: tracks, a camera movable on said tracks,illumination sources vertically regulable by movement of said camera,means to move said illumination sources pivotally and concentricallyabout said subject as a pivotal center, means to correlate therotational displacement of said illumination sources with rotationaldisplacement of said subject, and means to light up the desiredillumination sources in predetermined combination."

16. In a system of photography, 9. camera movable on said tracks,illumination sources and reflector means therewith pivotally andconcentrically arranged about said subject, means of automaticallyregulating the vertical displacement of the said illumination sources bymovement of the said camera, and means to light up the desiredillumination sources in a predetermined combination.

17. In a system of photography for use with a subject in an illuminatedfield: a camera movable in a direction having horizontal and verticalcomponents, and illumination sources pivotally and concentricallymovable as a unit with relation to said subject and producing said fieldof illumination.

18. In a system of photography, a movable camera, lighting means movableindependently of the camera, means to move the lighting means inpredetermined correlation with the movement of said camera.

19. In a system of photography, a movable camera, lighting means movableindependently of the camera, means to correlate the vertical movement ofsaid camera and said lighting means, whereby the vertical movement ofsaid camera and the vertical movement of said lighting means aremutually dependent in, predetermined interrelation.

20. In a system of photography adapted for use with a subject, a movablecamera, lighting means movable as a unit independently of said camera,means to correlate the movement of said camera and said lighting meanswhereby a predetermined movement of one causes a predetermined-movementof the other, said lighting means being also capable of an independentpivotal and concentric movement about said subject.

SAMUEL HERSHBERG.

